Despite the growing number of women in the workforce, a new analysis shows that due to the gender pay gap, in most major U.S. cities, women are still not claiming the title of breadwinner in their families.

The new analysis, which used U.S. Census Bureau data and microdata from the American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census for the 50 largest metros in the country, took a closer look at pay differences between men and women to see how they affect couples. According to 2017 Census data, the median earnings of women over the age of 25 came to $32,679 in 2017, with men’s median earnings for that same age group at $46,152, meaning women earned just under 71 percent of their male counterparts.

The analysis also found that in the 50 largest metropolitan areas, women were the main breadwinner in fewer than 31 percent of couples’ households. 

In 10 major U.S. cities with the highest rates of couples with female breadwinners, roughly 3 in 10 couples have a woman earning more than her partner. Those cities are Hartford, Conn.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Columbus, Ohio; Providence, R.I.; Baltimore, Md.; Sacramento, Calif.; Boston, Mass.; San Francisco, Calif.; Memphis, Tenn.; and Richmond, Va.

The analysis cited the gender pay gap as a big contributor to the low rate of female breadwinners because when a woman is paid less, it affects the entire household, setting back financial goals such as paying down debt, building security and savings, and managing money day to day.

To read more about the study and the cities with the highest number of female breadwinners,click here.